The South Dakota Department of Transportation provides information on highways, roads and rail transportation systems in its Fact Book 2012-2013. The report includes information on safety: three out of four fatal crashes, for example, take place on rural highways and roads in South Dakota. A map on page 41 shows which communities in the Black Hills and the state are served by public transportation. The report also details the sources of revenue for state transportation spending with historical information on South Dakota motor fuel taxes and a chart that compares South Dakota's taxes to those of neighboring states.

The Rapid City Regional Airport serves as the primary airport for a broad area that includes most of western South Dakota, as well as parts of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana and North Dakota. According to the Federal Aviation Administration, the Rapid City airport ranked 156th among the nation's airports with 284,126 passenger "emplanements" in 2010. This volume represented a 6.63 percent increase over 2009, and was almost exactly in line with the growth predicted in the airport's 2008 Master Plan. By contrast, passenger volume rose 12.67 percent in Casper, WY;  6.48 percent in Bismarck, ND; 6.98 percent in Sioux Falls, SD; 6.04 percent in Bozeman, MT; and 3.75 percent in Fargo, ND. In Billings, Montana, passenger volume fell by 2.31 percent. The May, 2008 Masterplan provides a wealth of information on the future growth of the airport. (The executive summary is available here. The full report is available here.)